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economic environment. Public company investments were generally written down against earnings to their then current market value. Private
company investments were written down to the estimated current market value by applying a telecommunications market average adjustment
factor calculated using the declines of a representative group of public companies.
I
nterest expense
In 2003, interest expense decreased $63 ($209 in 2003 compared to $272 in 2002) primarily due to a reduction in the outstanding balances of
our notes payable and long-term debt.
In 2002, interest expense decreased $39 ($272 in 2002 compared to $311 in 2001). The decrease was primarily related to a lower level of short-
term notes payable in 2002, partially offset by additional interest expense due to long-term debt offerings during 2001.
Interest rates on our outstanding notes payable and long-term debt remained relatively flat during these periods.
Our quarterly interest expense in the first quarter of 2004 and the second quarter of 2004 was $52 and $50, respectively. We expect that the
quarterly interest expense for the remainder of 2004 will remain at similar levels.
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ncome tax benefit (expense)
In 2003, we recorded a tax benefit of $80 on pre-tax earnings of $281 from continuing operations before minority interests and equity in net
loss of associated companies. This tax benefit resulted from tax audit settlements and the benefit of various R&D related tax incentives. This
benefit was partially offset by income tax provisions in certain taxable jurisdictions and various corporate minimum related income taxes.
In 2002, we recorded a tax benefit of $468 on a pre-tax loss of $3,349 from continuing operations before minority interests and equity in net
loss of associated companies. Our valuation allowances on tax benefits recorded in 2002 were $811. We assessed positive evidence including
forecasts of future taxable income to support realization of the net deferred tax assets, and other negative evidence including our eight
consecutive quarters of tax losses, and concluded that it was more likely than not that a portion of our deferred income tax asset would not be
realized.
As of December 31, 2003, we have substantial loss carryforwards and valuation allowances in our significant tax jurisdictions. These loss
carryforwards will serve to minimize our future cash income related taxes.
We will continue to assess the valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. The valuation allowance is in
accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, which requires that a tax valuation allowance be established when it is more
likely than not that some portion or all of a company’s deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our valuation allowance is primarily attributed
to ongoing industry concerns. Given the magnitude of our valuation allowance, future adjustments to this allowance based on actual cash
results could result in a significant adjustment to our effective tax rate. For additional information, see “Application of critical accounting
estimates — Income Taxes — Tax asset valuation”.
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et earnings (loss) from continuing operations
As a result of the items discussed above under “Results of operations — continuing operations”, net earnings from continuing operations were
$262 in 2003. This amount represented an improvement of $3,155 compared to our net loss from continuing operations of $2,893 in 2002.
Also, our net loss from continuing operations improved by $20,377 in 2002 compared to our net loss from continuing operations of $23,270 in
2001.
Results of operations — discontinued operations
In 2003, we completed a number of transactions including the sale of certain assets and common shares of businesses associated with our
discontinued operations as well as the restructuring and/or collection of trade and customer financing receivables and a certain promissory note
receivable. We continued to wind-down our access solutions operations and recorded net earnings from discontinued operations of $184 (net of
tax) related to the sale of certain components of this business and other associated wind-down activities. We also continued to reassess the
remaining provisions associated with
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