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assembled at the destination. This enables large numbers of communications signals to be directed or routed simultaneously and more
efficiently than in circuit networking. Our data networking solutions consist of products and services designed to enable the transportation of
data information across a network. Our security solutions consist of products and services designed to ensure that information can be securely
transported across a network and to prevent unauthorized users from being able to disrupt the network.
Wireless Networks includes network access and core networking solutions for voice and data communications that span second and third
generation wireless technologies and most major global standards for mobile networks. Enterprise Networks includes circuit and packet voice
solutions, and data networking and security solutions used by our enterprise customers. Wireline Networks includes circuit and packet voice
solutions, and data networking and security solutions used by our service provider customers. Optical Networks includes metropolitan, regional
and long-haul optical transport and switching solutions and managed broadband services. Within each of our reportable segments, our
networking solutions also consist of related professional services which may include: strategic planning, network design and engineering;
network optimization; network operations planning and consulting; and installation and ongoing technical support.
For more information about our networking solutions, please refer to our segment descriptions below.
Wireless Networks
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Wireless networking, also known as mobility networking, refers to communications networks that enable end-users to be mobile while they
send and receive voice and data communications using wireless devices, such as cellular telephones, personal digital assistants and other
computing and communications devices. These networks use specialized network access equipment and specialized core networking
equipment that enable an end-user to be connected and identified when not in a fixed location. The technology for wireless communications
networks has evolved and continues to evolve, through various technology “generations”.
Our existing wireless solutions span second and third generation wireless technologies and most major global digital standards for mobile
networks. The majority of wireless communications networks existing today are still based on second generation, or 2G, wireless technologies,
which consist of circuit switching technology with modest data transmission capabilities. However, third generation, or 3G, networks have
been launched in several regions. 3G wireless technologies consist of packet networking technology with high-speed data, voice and
multimedia transmission capabilities.
We support all of the following primary international standards for wireless communications networks:
We also offer a range of related professional services to our customers.
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• Time Division Multiple Access, or TDMA, is a 2G wireless standard supported mainly in the United States, Canada and the
Caribbean and Latin America region, or CALA.
• Code Division Multiple Access, or CDMA, is a 2G wireless standard, also known as IS-95 or cdmaOne, and is supported globally.
CDMA networks are evolving to 3G according to the CDMA 3G 1xRTT (single channel (1x) Radio Transmission Technology)
standard, also known as CDMA2000, for voice and high-speed data mobility. CDMA 3G 1xEV-DO, or Evolution Data Optimized,
and CDMA 3G 1xEV-DV, or Evolution Data and Voice, are extensions of CDMA 3G standards for high speed wireless networks
for data, voice and multimedia communications.
• Global System for Mobile communications, or GSM, is a 2G wireless standard supported globally. GSM networks are evolving to
carry data, as well as voice, with the introduction of General Packet Radio Standard, or GPRS. GPRS is viewed as a “2.5G”
technology that provides faster and therefore increased data transmission capabilities. Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution,
or EDGE, is a further evolution of GSM systems to support higher data speeds. In addition to higher data speeds, EDGE provides
increased voice capacity for existing GSM operators. An additional variant of this standard, called GSM-R, focuses on the delivery
of communications and control services for railway systems.
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, or UMTS, is now a commercial standard for 3G networks based on Wideband
CDMA, or WCDMA, technology. UMTS combines WCDMA-based radio access with packet switching technology to yield high
capacity, high speed wireless networks for data, voice and multimedia communications.