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Enterprise Networks SG&A expense decreased in 2003 compared to 2002 and decreased substantially in 2002 compared to 2001 primarily due
to:
Wireline Networks SG&A expense decreased substantially in 2003 compared to 2002 and in 2002 compared to 2001 primarily due to:
Optical Networks SG&A expense decreased substantially in 2003 compared to 2002 and in 2002 compared to 2001 primarily due to:
In addition, Optical Networks SG&A expense decreased substantially in 2003 compared to 2002 due to a reduction in accruals in 2003
associated with a customer contract settlement.
R&D expense decreased $123 in 2003 compared to 2002 and decreased $1,033 in 2002 compared to 2001 primarily due to our workforce
reductions and a reduced level of R&D activity consistent with the volume of business. The $123 decline in 2003 compared to 2002 was net of
increases in R&D expense due to significant foreign exchange impacts associated with the Canadian dollar, euro and British pound in 2003 and
increases in expenses associated with our RTP and regular bonus plans.
Our continued strategic investments in R&D are aligned with technology leadership in anticipated growth areas. Although we experienced a
substantial decline in demand for our networking equipment in 2001 through 2003, we maintained a technology focus and commitment to
invest in new innovative solutions where we believed we would achieve the greatest future benefit from this investment. As a result, our R&D
expense as a percentage of our consolidated revenues remained relatively flat at 19.2% in 2003 compared to 18.9% in 2002, both of which
were up from 16.5% in 2001.
We expect to continue to manage R&D expense according to the requirements of our business, allocating resources and investment where
customer demand dictates, and reducing resources and investment where opportunities for improved efficiencies present themselves. Our R&D
efforts are currently focused on secure and reliable converged networks including:
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rise Networks
• the continued impact of our workforce reductions, primarily in the U.S. and Canada, and associated reductions in other related costs
such as information services and real estate; and
• a decrease in provisioning for trade receivables.
Wireline Networks
• a decrease in provisioning for trade and customer financing receivables; and
• the continued impact of our workforce reductions, primarily in the U.S. and Canada, and associated reductions in other related costs
such as information services and real estate.
O
p
tical Networks
• the continued impact of our workforce reductions across all regions and associated reductions in other related costs such as
information services and real estate;
• reduction in accruals of approximately $4 associated with a certain customer bankruptcy settlement; and
• a decrease in provisioning for trade and customer financing receivables.
Research and develo
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ment ex
p
ense
For the years ended December 31, 2003 vs 2002 2002 vs 2001
2003 2002 2001 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change
R&D expense $ 1,960 $ 2,083 $ 3,116 $ (123) (6) $ (1,033) (33)
As % of revenues 19.2% 18.9% 16.5% 0.3 pts 2.4 pts
• packetization of voice and multimedia IP telephony solutions services;