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OBJECTIVES,
EYEPIECES,
CONDENSERS
1.
Objectives
a.
OBJECTIVES for medical and biological use
Type
Individual
Magnification
Numerical Focal
Aperture Length
Working
Distance
Remarks
Achromatic
Dry
Oil-immersion
4X
"
lOX
20X
40X
S40X
NC40X
lOOX
SIOOX
lOOX
0.10
0.25
0.40
0.65
0.65
0.65
1.25
1.25
1.25
28.3mm
14.8mm
7.5mm
4.3mm
4.3mm
4.3mm
1.8mm
1.8mm
1.8mm
9.50lim
7.10mm
5.70mm
0.54mm
0.54mm
0.52mm
0.16mm
0.16mm
0.16mm
Spring-loaded
No cover glass type
Spring-loaded
With iris diaphragm
for
dark-field
Plan Achromatic
Dry
Oil-immersion
Plan
1.2X
2X
3X
4X
lOX
40X
NC40X
lOOX
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.25
0.65
0.65
1.30
35.8mm
42.3mm
37.7mm
29.5mm
15.6mm
4.0mm
4.1mm
1.6mm
29.7mm
35.6mm
28.6 mm
18.2mm
7.0mm
0.24mm
0.32mm
0.12mm
Spring-loaded
Spring-loaded,
no
cover glass type
Spring-loaded
Plan Apochromatic
Oil-immersion
Apochromatic
Dry
Oil-immersion
lOOX
40X
lOOX
0.80
„_1-40
1.6mm
4.3mm
L6mm
0.12mm
0.19
mm'
0.10mm
Spring-loaded
Spring-loaded
Spring-loaded
Long-Working Distance Type
Achromatic
Dry
LWD40X
4.0mm
2.0 mm
For tissue culture observation
Phase-Contrast
Achromatic
Dry
Oil-immersion
Long-Working Distance
Achromatic
Dry
DLLIOX
B-MIOX
DLL20X
B-M20X
DLL40X
D-M40X
B-M40X
DLLIOOX
D-MIOOX
B-MIOOX
D-M40X
0.30
0.30
0.40
0.40
0.65
0.65
0.65
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.60
15.9mm
15.9mm
8.2mm
8.2mm
4.4mm
4.4mm
4.4mm
1.8mm
1.8mm
1.8mm
4.0mm
6.4mm
6.4mm
4.5mm
4.5mm
0.54mm
0.54mm
0.54mm
0.16mm
0.16mm
0.16mm
2.0mm
Dark Contrast
Bright Contrast
Dark Contrast
Bright Contrast
Dark Contrast, Spring-loaded
Dark Contrast
//
Bright Contrast
Dark Contrast
Dark Contrast
//
Bright Contrast
n
Dark Contrast
if
(For tissue culture work)
b. OBJECTIVES for metallurgical use
Metallurgy
Achromatic
Dry
M5X
MlOX
M20X
M40X
MIOOX
0.10
0.25
0.40
0.65
1.25
25.0mm
14.8mm
7.5mm
4.3mm
1.8mm
15mm
7.1 mm
5.7mm
0.52mm
0.16mm
Plan Achromatic
Dry
Plan MlOX
Plan M40X
Plan MIOOX
0.25
0.65
1.30
15.6mm
4.1 mm
1.6mm
7.0mm
0.32mm
0.12mm
Spring-loaded
Spring-loaded
2.
Eyepieces
Type
Individual
Magnification
Focal
Length
Field
Number
Remarks
High eyepoint, compensating
HK5X
50mm 21.0 With adjustable eyepiece collar
High eyepoint, compensating,
wide-field
HKWIOX
25mm
18.0 With adjustable eyepiece collar
High eyepoint, compensating,
wide-field
HKW15X
16.7mm 14.0 With adjustable eyepiece collar
Compensating, wide-field
WFIOX
25 mm
18.0
High-power purpose
Compensating
K20X
12.5mm
8.0 General purpose
Huygenian
H5X
HlOX
H15X
50mm
25mm
^17nim
21.0
12.0
8.0
General purpose
General purpose
General purpose
Diopter adjustable, high
eye-
point, compensating, wide-field
DHKWIOX
25mm 18.0
Supplied together with
"U"
eyepiece tube
With
5X, lOX, 15X
picture frames plus cross-
lines
for
framing
and
focusinsf
7
-
3.
Combinations of Objectives and
Eyepieces
Total magnifying power obtained by the combination is the product of
individual objective power multiplied by individual eyepiece power. A
selection
of the combination
will
be decided so as to get the highest
resolution of the image (resolving power), the largest extent of object
area
(real field) which can be observed without moving the stage or
slide,
or the greatest thickness of object (depth of focus) which can
be
distinctly
seen
without raising or lowering the microscope stage,
depending
upon the purpose of using the microscope. Shown below
are
the results compiled
from
the different combinations of objectives
and
eyepieces:
Objective
Eyepiece
Total
Magnifying
Power
Working
Distance
Resolution
or
Minimum Resolved
Distance
Real Field
of View
Depth
of
Focus
Objective
Eyepiece
Total
Magnifying
Power
(mm)
in object
(^)
in image
(mm)
(mm)
(^)
4X
5X
lOX
15X
20X
40X
60X
9.5
2.7-5.5
0.05-0.11
0.11-0.22
0.16-0.32
5.25
4.5
3.5
100
64
52
lOX
5X
lOX
15X
50X
lOOX
150X
7.1
1.1-2.2
0.05-0.11
0.11-0.22
0.17-0.33
2.1
1.8
1.4
16
10
8
20X
5X
lOX
15X
lOOX
200X
300X
5.7
0.69-1.38
0.07-0.14
0.14-0.28
0.21-0.42
1.05
0.9
0.7
6
4
3
40X
5X
lOX
15X
200X
400X
600X
0.54
0.42-0.84
0.08-0.17
0.17-0.34
0.25-0.50
0.52
0.45
0.35
1.8
1.2
1.0
lOOX
5X
lOX
15X
500X
lOOOX
1500X
0.16
0.22-0.44
0.11-0.22
0.22-0.44
0.33-0.66
0.21
0.18
0.14
0.6
0.44
0.38
•
The working distance is the
clearance
between the upper surface of the
cover
glass
and the lowest edge of the objective critically focused. Note
that, as shown in the above table, the working distance becomes very
small
for
high
power objectives.
•
The resolution of minimum resolved distance (the limit of resolving power)
is
the minimum distance between object points discernible as separate
under
the microscope illuminated by the
light
of wave length
550myu.
The shorter the
light
wave length, the higher the resolving power, that
is,
the small resolving distance results. In the table, the smaller values
indicate
the resolution obtained by oblique and the larger values by
central
illumination, (see "Illumination" on page 11)
#The
minimum resolved distance in the image is the value in the object
multiplied by the total magnification of the microscope. If the resolving
power of the microscope is important, choose the eyepiece by the use
of which the image resolution comes
within
that of the naked eye
0.15
—0.3mm
(when the object is
seen
from
the distance
25mm);
generally
accepted
criterion on the upper limit of the total magnification of a
-8-