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10
Blood circulation
The blood circulation is responsible for
supplying the body with oxygen.Blood
pressure is the pressure exerted on the
arteries.
The systolic blood pressure value (higher
pressure or top value) represents the
blood pressure produced by contraction of
the heart muscle.
The diastolic blood pressure value (lower
pressure or lower value) represents the
blood pressure produced by relaxation of
the heart muscle.
Classification of blood pressure
The World Health Organisation (WHO)
and the International Society of
Hypertension (ISH) developed the blood
pressure classification.This classification
is based on the blood pressure values
measured while sitting on a chair in the
outpatient department of a hospital.
Health and blood pressure
The incidence of hypertension increases
with age. In addition, a lack of exercise,
excess body fat and high levels of choles-
terol (LDL), which sticks to the inside in
blood vessels, reduces elasticity of these
vessels. Hypertension accelerates arterial
sclerosis which can lead to very serious
conditions such as stroke and myocardial
infarction.For these reasons it is very
important to know whether the blood
pressure is within a healthy range. Blood
pressure fluctuates from minute to minute,
throughout the day.Therefore it is essential
to take regular measurements to help you
identify an average blood pressure.
Symptoms of high blood pressure
High blood pressure can go unnoticed for
a long time, since it does not cause notice-
able symptoms.The following are all
possible causes of abnormally high blood
pressure:
Optimal blood
pressure
(target value)
Normal blood
pressure
Normal systolic value
Mild hypertension
Moderate hypertension
Severe hypertension
Systolic blood pressure
(mmHg)
Diastolic
blood
pressure
(mmHg)
80
180
160
140
130
120
85 90 100 110
According to the blood pressure classification by the WHO/ISH.
9 General information about blood pressure